Description, design, and operational data for the Pelton, Francis, Propeller, and Kaplan turbines are provided, as are outlines of varied types of power plants. It affords professionals and college students in hydraulic engineering with background ideas in addition to sensible protection of contemporary turbine technologies, fully explaining the advantages of both steam and fuel generators.
#Hydraulic Machines Jagdish Lal pdf
Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines PDF by Zoeb Husain ( BS Publications ) Book Description:įollowing a concise overview of fluid mechanics knowledgeable by numerous engineering applications and examples, this reference presents and analyzes main kinds of fluid equipment and the main courses of generators, in addition to pump expertise. 1.2, the velocity of the fluid varies from layer to layer in y-direction.
Considering successive layers parallel to the boundary as shown in Fig. The fluid in contact with the boundary sticks to it, and therefore will have the same velocity as the boundary.
Usually we are concerned with the flow past a solid boundary. Shear stresses are developed when the fluid is in motion if the particles of the fluid move relative to each other, so that they have different velocities, causing the original shape of the fluid to become distorted. In engineering calculations absolute pressure is used and the conversion from gauge pressure to absolute pressure is carried out using the following equation. The gauge pressure is the pressure recorded by the gauge or manometer. The standard atmospheric pressure at sea level is 101.3 kPa. Since Pascal is small unit, the pressure is usually referred to in kilo Pascal (kPa) or even in Mega Pascal (M Pa). In SI units the unit of measurement of pressure is Newtons per square meter (N/m2 ) or Pascal (Pa). The pressure p is defined as force per unit area. In fluid mechanics the pressure results from a normal compressive force acting on an area. This is usually done in making models of large hydraulic machines used in power stations or in construction of big dams by making suitable models in the laboratory. For example, a model can be prepared in a laboratory and tested, and predictions can be made of the prototype for large machines with the help of suitable dimensionless parameters. The dimensionless parameters are also useful in design of prototypes from the models and can save a lot of money and effort. Mach number where compressibility is important in flows over aerofoils in aircraft. For example, Force can be expressed in terms of fundamental dimensions of mass,length and time. The dimensions of all other quantities can be expressed in terms of fundamental dimensions. There are four fundamental dimensions: length, mass, time and temperature. There are special ised books on fluid mechanics for each of these areas and therefore this book will present only general properties of fluid flow.īefore we study fluid mechanics let us discuss the dimensions and units that will be used in this book. The proper understanding of mechanics of fluids is important in many branches of engineering: in biomechanics the flow of blood is of interest ocean currents require a knowledge offluid mechanics chemical processing of plants require a thorough knowledge offluid mechanics aeronautical engineers require knowledge of flow of air over the aircraft to reduce drag and increase lift mechanical engineers require knowledge of fluid propel1ies to design pumps, water turbines, gas turbines and rockets civil engineers require fluid mechanics to study river currents and erosion and environmentalists require knowledge of fluid properties for solving pollution problems of air and water to control flood, irrigation channels, etc. Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines PDF by Zoeb Husain, Mohd Zulkifly Abdullah and Zainal Alimuddin :: Fluid mechanics is concerned with the behaviour of liquids and gases at rest and in motion.
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